# Testing Patterns

**Analysis Date:** 2026-02-13

## Test Framework

**Runner:**
- PHPUnit 10.1+ (configured in `composer.json`)
- Config file: `phpunit.xml`

**Assertion Library:**
- PHPUnit assertions (built-in)
- Laravel testing traits: `RefreshDatabase`, `WithFaker`, `DatabaseMigrations`

**Run Commands:**
```bash
php artisan test                              # Run all tests
php artisan test --filter=ClassName           # Run specific test class
php artisan test --filter=test_method_name    # Run specific test method
php artisan dusk                              # Run browser (Dusk) tests
```

**Coverage:**
```bash
php artisan test --coverage                   # Generate coverage report
```

## Test File Organization

**Location:**
- Unit tests: `tests/Unit/`
- Feature tests: `tests/Feature/`
- Browser tests: `tests/Browser/`
- Shared test utilities: `tests/Traits/`
- Test base classes: `tests/TestCase.php`, `tests/DuskTestCase.php`

**Naming:**
- Test files: PascalCase + `Test.php` suffix (e.g., `FinanceDocumentTest.php`, `CashierLedgerWorkflowTest.php`)
- Test methods: `test_` prefix (e.g., `test_payment_belongs_to_member()`) OR `/** @test */` annotation
- Test trait files: PascalCase with context (e.g., `CreatesFinanceData.php`, `SeedsRolesAndPermissions.php`)

**Structure:**
```
tests/
├── Unit/                    # Model logic, calculations, state checks
│   ├── FinanceDocumentTest.php
│   ├── MemberTest.php
│   ├── BudgetTest.php
│   └── MembershipPaymentTest.php
├── Feature/                 # HTTP requests, workflows, integrations
│   ├── CashierLedgerWorkflowTest.php
│   ├── Auth/
│   ├── BankReconciliation/
│   └── ProfileTest.php
├── Browser/                 # Full page interactions with Dusk
│   ├── MemberDashboardBrowserTest.php
│   ├── FinanceWorkflowBrowserTest.php
│   └── Pages/
├── Traits/                  # Reusable test setup helpers
│   ├── SeedsRolesAndPermissions.php
│   ├── CreatesFinanceData.php
│   ├── CreatesMemberData.php
│   └── CreatesApplication.php
├── TestCase.php            # Base test class with setup
└── DuskTestCase.php        # Base for browser tests
```

## Test Structure

**Suite Organization:**
```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Unit;

use App\Models\FinanceDocument;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class FinanceDocumentTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    /** @test */
    public function it_determines_small_amount_tier_correctly()
    {
        $document = new FinanceDocument(['amount' => 4999]);
        $this->assertEquals('small', $document->determineAmountTier());
    }
}
```

**Patterns:**

1. **Setup Method:**
```php
protected function setUp(): void
{
    parent::setUp();

    // Seed roles/permissions once per test class
    $this->artisan('db:seed', ['--class' => 'FinancialWorkflowPermissionsSeeder']);

    // Fake storage if needed
    Storage::fake('private');

    // Create test users
    $this->admin = User::factory()->create();
    $this->admin->assignRole('admin');
}
```

2. **Teardown:** Not typically needed; `RefreshDatabase` trait handles rollback automatically.

3. **Assertion Pattern:**
Use specific assertions for clarity:
```php
// Model relationships
$this->assertInstanceOf(Member::class, $payment->member);
$this->assertEquals($cashier->id, $payment->verifiedByCashier->id);

// Status checks
$this->assertTrue($payment->isPending());
$this->assertFalse($document->needsBoardMeetingApproval());

// Database state
$this->assertDatabaseHas('cashier_ledger_entries', [
    'entry_type' => 'receipt',
    'amount' => 5000,
]);

// HTTP responses
$response->assertStatus(200);
$response->assertRedirect();
```

## Mocking

**Framework:** Mockery (configured in `composer.json`)

**Patterns:**
Minimal mocking in this codebase. When needed:

1. **File Storage Mocking:**
```php
protected function setUp(): void
{
    parent::setUp();
    Storage::fake('private');  // All storage operations use fake disk
}

// In test
$file = UploadedFile::fake()->create('document.pdf', 100, 'application/pdf');
$path = $file->store('payment-receipts', 'private');
```

2. **Database Factories:** Preferred over mocking for model creation
```php
$member = Member::factory()->create(['membership_status' => 'active']);
$payment = MembershipPayment::factory()->create(['member_id' => $member->id]);
```

**What to Mock:**
- External APIs (not used in current codebase)
- File uploads (use `Storage::fake()`)
- Email sending (Laravel's test mailers or `Mail::fake()`)

**What NOT to Mock:**
- Database models (use factories instead)
- Business logic methods (test them directly)
- Service classes (inject real instances)
- Permission/role system (use real Spatie setup)

## Fixtures and Factories

**Test Data:**
Models use Laravel factories (`database/factories/`):
```php
// In test
$member = Member::factory()->create([
    'membership_status' => 'active',
    'membership_expires_at' => now()->addYear(),
]);
```

**Helper Traits:**
Reusable test setup in `tests/Traits/`:

1. **`SeedsRolesAndPermissions`** (`tests/Traits/SeedsRolesAndPermissions.php`):
   - `seedRolesAndPermissions()`: Seed all financial roles
   - `createUserWithRole(string $role)`: Create user + assign role
   - `createAdmin()`, `createSecretary()`, `createChair()`: Convenience methods
   - `createFinanceApprovalTeam()`: Create all approval users at once

2. **`CreatesFinanceData`** (`tests/Traits/CreatesFinanceData.php`):
   - `createFinanceDocument(array $attributes)`: Basic document
   - `createSmallAmountDocument()`: Auto-set amount < 5000
   - `createMediumAmountDocument()`: Auto-set 5000-50000
   - `createLargeAmountDocument()`: Auto-set > 50000
   - `createDocumentAtStage(string $stage)`: Pre-set approval status
   - `createPaymentOrder()`, `createBankReconciliation()`: Domain-specific
   - `createFakeAttachment()`: PDF file for testing
   - `getValidFinanceDocumentData()`: Reusable form data

3. **`CreatesMemberData`** (`tests/Traits/CreatesMemberData.php`):
   - `createMember()`: Create member + associated user
   - `createPendingMember()`, `createActiveMember()`, `createExpiredMember()`: Status helpers
   - `createMemberWithPendingPayment()`: Pre-populated workflow state

**Location:**
- Traits: `tests/Traits/`
- Factories: `database/factories/`
- Database seeders: `database/seeders/`

**Usage Example:**
```php
class FinanceWorkflowTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase, SeedsRolesAndPermissions, CreatesFinanceData;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();
        $this->seedRolesAndPermissions();
    }

    public function test_approval_workflow()
    {
        $secretary = $this->createSecretary();
        $document = $this->createSmallAmountDocument();

        $this->actingAs($secretary)
            ->post(route('admin.finance-document.approve', $document), [
                'approval_notes' => 'Approved'
            ])
            ->assertRedirect();
    }
}
```

## Coverage

**Requirements:** No minimum coverage enforced (not configured in `phpunit.xml`).

**View Coverage:**
```bash
php artisan test --coverage          # Text report
php artisan test --coverage --html   # HTML report in coverage/ directory
```

**Target areas (recommended):**
- Model methods: 80%+
- Service classes: 80%+
- Controllers: 70%+ (integration tests)
- Traits: 80%+

## Test Types

**Unit Tests** (`tests/Unit/`):
- Scope: Single method/model logic
- Database: Yes, but minimal (models with factories)
- Approach: Direct method calls, assertions on return values
- Example (`FinanceDocumentTest.php`):
```php
public function test_it_determines_small_amount_tier_correctly()
{
    $document = new FinanceDocument(['amount' => 4999]);
    $this->assertEquals('small', $document->determineAmountTier());
}
```

**Feature Tests** (`tests/Feature/`):
- Scope: Full request → response cycle
- Database: Yes (full workflow)
- Approach: HTTP methods (`$this->get()`, `$this->post()`), database assertions
- Example (`CashierLedgerWorkflowTest.php` lines 41-64):
```php
public function cashier_can_create_receipt_entry()
{
    $this->actingAs($this->cashier);

    $response = $this->post(route('admin.cashier-ledger.store'), [
        'entry_type' => 'receipt',
        'amount' => 5000,
        // ...
    ]);

    $response->assertRedirect();
    $this->assertDatabaseHas('cashier_ledger_entries', [
        'entry_type' => 'receipt',
        'amount' => 5000,
    ]);
}
```

**Browser Tests** (`tests/Browser/` with Laravel Dusk):
- Scope: Full page interactions (JavaScript, dynamic content)
- Database: Yes
- Approach: Browser automation, user journey testing
- Example (`ExampleTest.php`):
```php
public function testBasicExample(): void
{
    $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
        $browser->visit('/')
                ->assertSee('Laravel');
    });
}
```

## Common Patterns

**Async Testing:**
Use `RefreshDatabase` trait for atomic transactions:
```php
public function test_concurrent_payment_submissions()
{
    $member = $this->createActiveMember();

    $payment1 = MembershipPayment::factory()->create([
        'member_id' => $member->id,
        'status' => MembershipPayment::STATUS_PENDING
    ]);

    // Multiple operations automatically rolled back after test
}
```

**Error Testing:**
```php
public function test_invalid_amount_rejected()
{
    $validated = $this->validate([
        'amount' => 'required|numeric|min:0'
    ], ['amount' => -1000]);

    $this->assertFalse($validated);  // Validation fails
}
```

**Permission Testing:**
```php
public function test_non_admin_cannot_approve_large_document()
{
    $user = $this->createMembershipManager();
    $document = $this->createLargeAmountDocument();

    $this->actingAs($user)
        ->post(route('admin.finance-document.approve', $document))
        ->assertForbidden();  // 403 Forbidden
}
```

**State Transitions:**
```php
public function test_document_approval_workflow()
{
    $secretary = $this->createSecretary();
    $document = $this->createDocumentAtStage('pending');

    // Step 1: Secretary approves
    $this->actingAs($secretary)
        ->post(route('admin.finance-document.approve', $document));

    $this->assertEquals(
        FinanceDocument::STATUS_APPROVED_SECRETARY,
        $document->fresh()->status
    );

    // Step 2: Chair approves
    $chair = $this->createChair();
    $this->actingAs($chair)
        ->post(route('admin.finance-document.approve', $document->fresh()));

    $this->assertEquals(
        FinanceDocument::STATUS_APPROVED_CHAIR,
        $document->fresh()->status
    );
}
```

**Database Assertions:**
```php
// Check record exists with specific values
$this->assertDatabaseHas('finance_documents', [
    'id' => $document->id,
    'status' => FinanceDocument::STATUS_APPROVED_SECRETARY,
]);

// Check record count
$this->assertCount(3, MembershipPayment::all());

// Count with condition
$this->assertEquals(
    2,
    MembershipPayment::where('status', 'pending')->count()
);
```

## Environment & Configuration

**Test Environment:**
- Set via `phpunit.xml` `<env>` elements
- `APP_ENV=testing`
- `DB_CONNECTION=sqlite`
- `DB_DATABASE=:memory:` (transient in-memory database)
- `MAIL_MAILER=array` (no real emails sent)
- `QUEUE_CONNECTION=sync` (synchronous job processing)

**Database State:**
- `RefreshDatabase` trait: Runs migrations before each test, rolls back after
- `:memory:` SQLite: Fresh database per test, extremely fast
- No fixtures needed; use factories instead

**Disabling Middleware (when needed):**
```php
protected function setUp(): void
{
    parent::setUp();
    $this->withoutMiddleware([
        \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureUserIsAdmin::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class
    ]);
}
```

---

*Testing analysis: 2026-02-13*